Παιάν

Παιάν, ᾶνος, ὁ, [dialect] Ep. [full] Παιήων, ονος, [dialect] Att., [dialect] Ion. [full] Παιών, ῶνος (v. sub fin.), [dialect] Aeol. [full] Πάων, ονος, Sapph.Supp.20c.5:—Paean or Paeon, the physician of the gods, Il.5.401,899, cf. Pi.P.4.270; Παιήονος γενέθλη, i.e. physicians, Od.4.232.

2 title of Apollo (later as epith.,

Ἀπόλλωνι Παιᾶνι BCH11.94

([place name] Hierocaesarea);

ὦ βασιλεῦ Π. . . Ἄπολλον BMus.Inscr.1151

);

ἰὴ Παιήον' ἄειδον h.Ap.517

, cf. Call.Hec.1.1.10 (in Id.Ap.103 ἱὴ ἱὴ Παιήον', ἵει βέλος an etym. from ἵημι may be suggested); ἰὴ Παιών GDIiv p.884 (Erythrae, iv B. C.);

ἰήϊε Παιάν A. Ag.146

(lyr.), S.OT154(lyr.);

ἰὼ Παιάν Id.Tr.221

(lyr.), Ar.Ach. 1212; ὦναξ Π. E.Alc.220, etc.; τὸν Παίωνά (better Παιῶνά)

τε καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἐπικαλούμενος Pl.Criti.108c

, cf. Lg.664c, A.Ag.1248;

Πάον' ὀνκαλέοντες Sapph.

l.c.; also of other gods,

Ἀσκληπιὸς Παιών Ar. Pl.636

, cf. Pae.Erythr.1; of Zeus at Rhodes, Hsch.; of Dionysus, Philod.Scarph.5, al., Orph.H.52.11; of Helios, ib.8.12; of Pan, ib. 12.11.

3 physician, healer,

παιὼν γενοῦ τῆσδε μερίμνης A.Ag.99

(anap.);

παιῶνα κακῶν S.Ph.168

(anap.).

b saviour, deliverer,

ὦ θάνατε Παιάν A.Fr.255.1

, cf. E.Hipp.1373 (anap.).

II [full] παιάν, [dialect] Ep. [full] παιήων, [dialect] Att., [dialect] Ion. [full] παιών, paean, i.e. choral song, addressed to Apollo or Artemis (the burden being ἰὴ or ἰὼ Παιάν, v. supr. 1.2), in thanksgiving for deliverance from evil,

μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο, καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα Il.1.473

;

Κρητῶν παιήονες h.Ap.518

;

παιᾶν' ἐπευφήμησεν A.Fr.350.4

, cf. B. 15.8, Procl. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.320 B.: hence opp. θρῆνοι, A.Ch.343 (anap.), cf. Sch.Ar.Pl.636 (but v. infr. 4); addressed to other gods, as to Poseidon after an earthquake, X.HG4.7.4.

2 song of triumph after victory, prop. to Apollo, Il.22.391 sq.;

ἁλώσιμος π. A.Th.635

, etc.; also, battle-song,

παιᾶν' ἐφύμνουν σεμνὸν Ἕλληνες Id.Pers.393

, cf. Lys.2.38, X.Cyr.4.1.6; addressed to Ares, Sch.Th.1.50; ἐξάρχειν τὸν π. or τοῦ παιᾶνος, X. Cyr.3.3.58, Plu.Rom.16;

π. ποιεῖσθαι X.HG7.4.36

.

3 any solemn song or chant, esp. on beginning an undertaking, Th.7.75 (pl.);

π. γαμήλιος Ar.Th.1035

(lyr.);

τριτόσπονδος π. A.Ag.247

(lyr.);

ἔγχει κἀπιβόα τρίτον παιῶνα Pherecr.131.5

, cf. Antiph.4, 85.5.

4 by oxymoron, π. Ἐρινύων, π. τοῦ θανόντος, A.Ag.645, Ch.151; π. στυγνός, of a dirge, E.Tr.126 (lyr.); παιᾶνα στενάζειν ib.577;

π. τῷ κάτωθεν θεῷ Id.Alc.424

.

III in Prosody, paeon, a foot consisting of 3 short and 1 long syll., [pron. full] ¯ ?ΠαιάνX?ΠαιάνX?ΠαιάνX, [pron. full] ?ΠαιάνX ¯ ?ΠαιάνX?ΠαιάνX, [pron. full] ?ΠαιάνX?ΠαιάνX ¯ ?ΠαιάνX, or [pron. full] ?ΠαιάνX?ΠαιάνX?ΠαιάνX ¯ , Arist.Rh.1409a2 (in form παιάν; later παιών), Heph.3.3, etc.; also π. διάγυιος, the foot [pron. full] ¯ ?ΠαιάνX ¯ , and π. ἐπιβατός, a foot of 5 long sylls., Aristid. Quint.1.16.— Attic form: Παιών is used of the god in IG12.310.229 (v B. C.), and in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose and Com.; παιάν is used of the song in IG22.1338.19 (i B. C.), but this may be Hellenistic; codd. have παιών in Pherecr.131.5, Ar.Th.1035, Pl.Ion534d, Lg.700b, 700d, Ep.348b (prob. also in Smp.177a), παιάν in Antiph.4, D.19.338, Aeschin.2.162, and freq. in X., HGIl. cc., al. (cf. παιωνίζω); the metrical foot is always παιών; the [dialect] Ion. forms are παιών, Παιών, SIG57.12 (Milet., v B. C.), GDIivp.884 (Erythrae, iv B. C.):—Accentuation: Παιών (the pr. n.) An.Ox.1.276; παιών (the song) Theognost.Can.38, Eust.138.10, 1109.11, Suid.; παίων is sts. found in codd., and Παίων (the god) is right acc. to Suid. Cf. παιανίζω, -ανισμός, παιωνίζω, -ωνισμός.